The following table, lists the main formulas, discussed in this article, for the mechanical properties of the rectangular tube section (also called rectangular hollow section or RHS). The rectangular tube, however, typically, features considerably higher radius, since its section area is distributed at a distance from the centroid. 2,13 Peirce also said that the loop tests are appropriate for soft. 4 Peirce and Bickley stated that the heart loop test is more appropriate for flimsy materials than the horizontal cantilever test. demonstrated that the horizontal cantilever test is more appropriate than the hanging pear loop test. Circle is the shape with minimum radius of gyration, compared to any other section with the same area A. Different tests are most appropriate for different materials. Small radius indicates a more compact cross-section. It describes how far from centroid the area is distributed. The dimensions of radius of gyration are. Where I the moment of inertia of the cross-section around the same axis and A its area. Radius of gyration R_g of a cross-section, relative to an axis, is given by the formula: Notice, that the last formula is similar to the one for the plastic modulus Z_x, but with the height and width dimensions interchanged. By inputting the appropriate values for outer diameter, wall thickness, bend radius, bend degree, material, and bend method, the calculator provides accurate results for determining the exact specifications for tube bending. The area A, the outer perimeter P_\textit In conclusion, the Tube Bend Calculator is an essential tool for individuals working in industries where precision tube bending is required.